Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
TV Commercials: The Cable Age Classics III DVD, Download, USB
Drive
Today, September 6, 2026
September 6: National Read A Book Day: --
National Read A Book Day is observed annually on September 6th. On
August 9th, we all celebrated National Book Lovers Day. While
these bookish days may seem similar, National Read a Book Day
invites us ALL to grab a book we might enjoy and spend the day
reading. Don't keep it to yourself. Share the experience! Read
aloud either to children or to grandparents. Read to your pets or
to your stuffed animals and plants. Reading improves memory and
concentration as well as reduces stress. Older adults who spend
time reading show a slower cognitive decline and tend to
participate in more mentally stimulating activities over their
lifetime. Books are an inexpensive entertainment, educational tool
and time machine too! To observe National Read A Book Day, sit
back, relax and read a book. Whether you prefer to escape into the
world of fiction or learn something new, celebrate with your
favorite books. Visit the library or the local book store. Pick up
a new book or read an old favorite. Explore the past in history
books and memoirs or dive into the mean of terrific poetry. Read
aloud to a child or give them a new book! On Sale Until Midnight
Tonight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
Columbus & The Age Of Discovery TV Series + Bonus MP4 Download
DVD Set
Today, September 6, 2026
September 6, 1522: The Age Of Discovery
(The Age Of Exploration): Circumnavigations: The Magellan
Expedition (Armada De Molucas, Fleet Of The Moluccas): -- The
Victoria, the only surviving ship of Ferdinand Magellan's
expedition, returns to Sanlucar de Barrameda in Spain, becoming
the first ship to circumnavigate the world, under the command of
Juan Sebastian Elcano, who took command after Magellan's death in
the Philippines. Victoria (or Nao Victoria, as well as Vittoria)
was a Spanish carrack or nao, as were all the other ships in the
expedition (except Santiago, which was a caravel) that began on
August 10, 1519 with five ships. However, Victoria was the only
ship to complete the voyage. The four other ships were Trinidad
(110 tons, crew 55), San Antonio (120 tons, crew 60), Concepcion
(90 tons, crew 45), and Santiago (75 tons, crew 32). Trinidad,
Magellan's flagship, Concepcion, and Santiago were wrecked or
scuttled; San Antonio deserted the expedition during the
navigation of the Straits of Magellan and returned to Europe on
her own. Magellan did not complete the entire voyage because he
was killed during the Battle of Mactan in the Philippines in 1521.
Victoria was built at a shipyard in Gipuzkoa, with the Basques
being reputed shipbuilders at the time, and along with the four
other ships, she was given to Magellan by King Charles I of Spain
(The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V). Victoria was named after the
church of Santa Maria de la Victoria de Triana, where Magellan
took an oath of allegiance to Charles V. Victoria was an 85-ton
ship with a crew of 42. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
Suleyman The Magnificent: Documentary On Suleiman I DVD, Download,
USB
Today, September 6, 2026
September 6, 1566: The Ottoman Empire
(The Sublime Ottoman State, The Turkish Empire): The History Of
The Ottoman Empire: The Ottoman Wars: The Ottoman Wars In Europe:
The Ottoman-Habsburg Wars: Habsburg-Ottoman Wars In Hungary
(1526-1568): The Ottoman-Habsburg War (1565-1568): The Siege Of
Szigetvar (The Battle Of Szigeth) (Hungarian: Szigetvar Ostroma;
Croatian: Bitka Kod Sigeta, Sigetska Bitka; Turkish: Zigetvar
Kusatmasi): -- #DOTD: #RIP: Suleiman I, Ottoman sultan also known
as Suleyman I and as Suleiman The Magnificent, known as "Kanuni"
(the Lawgiver) in his realm (b. November 6, 1494) #dies at the age
of 71 at Szigetvar, Kingdom of Hungary, Habsburg Monarchy, where
Suleiman had set out to from Constantinople to command Ottoman
forces advancing in Hungary, dying before an Ottoman victory at
the Siege Of Szigetvar was achived, a fact concealed by his Grand
Vizier Sokollu Mehmed Pasha during the Hungarian retreat until the
enthronement of Suleiman's successor, Selim II. The sultan's body
was taken back to Istanbul to be buried, while his heart, liver,
and some other organs were buried in Turbek, outside Szigetvar. A
mausoleum constructed above the burial site came to be regarded as
a holy place and pilgrimage site. Within a decade a mosque and
Sufi hospice were built near it, and the site was protected by a
salaried garrison of several dozen men. Suleiman I was the
longest-reigning sultan of the Ottoman Empire, ruling from 1520 to
his death in 1566. Suleiman became a prominent monarch of
16th-century Europe, presiding over the apex of the Ottoman
Empire's economic, military and political power. Suleiman
personally led Ottoman armies in conquering the Christian
strongholds of Belgrade and Rhodes as well as most of Hungary
before his conquests were checked at the Siege Of Vienna in 1529.
He annexed much of the Middle East in his conflict with the
Safavids and large areas of North Africa as far west as Algeria.
Under his rule, the Ottoman fleet dominated the seas from the
Mediterranean to the Red Sea and through the Persian Gulf.
Suleiman personally instituted major legislative changes relating
to society, education, taxation and criminal law. His reforms,
carried out in conjunction with the empire's chief judicial
official Ebussuud Efendi, harmonized the relationship between the
two forms of Ottoman law; sultanic (Kanun) and religious (Sharia).
He was a distinguished poet and goldsmith; he also became a great
patron of culture, overseeing the "Golden" age of the
Ottoman Empire in its artistic, literary and architectural
development. Breaking with Ottoman tradition, Suleiman married
Hurrem Sultan, a woman from his harem, a Christian of Rusyn
(Russian) origin who converted to Islam, and who became famous in
the West by the name Roxelana. Their son Selim II succeeded
Suleiman following his death in 1566 after 46 years of rule. On
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EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
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Today, September 6, 2026
September 6, 1620: The Colonial History
Of The United States: The British Colonization Of The Americas:
The Plymouth Colony: The Pilgrims' Voyage On The Mayflower: -- The
British Colonization Of The Americas: The Plymouth Colony: The
Pilgrims sail from Plymouth, England, on the Mayflower to settle
in North America (Old Style date; September 16 per New Style
date). The Mayflower had originally departed August 5, 1620 from
Southampton, England on its first attempt to transport would-be
Pilgrim settlers to North America; when it's fellow ship
Speedwell, which had set sail on August 1, sprang a leak shortly
after, the two ships were brought to dock in Dartmouth for
repairs. They made a new start after the repairs, and they were
more than 200 miles (320 km) beyond Land's End at the southwestern
tip of England when Speedwell sprang another leak. It was now
early September, and they had no choice but to abandon the
Speedwell and make a determination on her passengers. This was a
dire event, as vital funds had wasted on the ship, which was
considered very important to the future success of their
settlement in America. Both ships then returned to Plymouth, where
twenty Speedwell Pilgrim passengers joined the now overcrowded
Mayflower, while the others returned to Holland. They waited for
seven more days until the wind picked up. Pilgrim father William
Bradford was especially worried, however: "We lie here
waiting for as fair a wind as can blow ... Our victuals will be
half eaten up, I think, before we go from the coast of England;
and, if our voyage last long, we shall not have a month's victuals
when we come in the country." According to Bradford,
Speedwell was refitted and seaworthy, having "made many
voyages ... to the great profit of her owners." He suggested
that Speedwell's master may have used "cunning and deceit"
to abort the voyage by causing the leaks, fearing starvation and
death in America. In early September, western gales turned the
North Atlantic into a dangerous place to sail. The Mayflower's
provisions were already quite low when departing Southampton, and
they became lower still by delays of more than a month. The
Pilgrim passengers had been on board the ship this entire time,
feeling worn out and in no condition for a very taxing, lengthy
Atlantic journey cooped up in the cramped spaces of a small ship.
When the Mayflower sailed from Plymouth alone on September 6,
1620, with what Bradford called "a prosperous wind", she
carried 102 passengers plus a crew of 25 to 30 officers and men,
bringing the total aboard to approximately 130. However, at about
180 tons, the Mayflower was considered a smaller cargo ship,
having traveled mainly between England and Bordeaux with clothing
and wine, not an ocean ship. Nor was it in good shape, as it was
sold for scrap four years after her Atlantic voyage. She was a
high built craft forward and aft measuring approximately 100 feet
(30 m) in length and about 25 feet (7.6 m) at her widest point.
The Pilgrims or Pilgrim Fathers were early European settlers of
the Plymouth Colony in present-day Plymouth, Massachusetts, United
States. The Pilgrims' leadership came from the religious
congregations of Brownist separatist Puritans who had fled the
volatile political environment in England for the relative calm
and tolerance of 17th-century Holland in the Netherlands. They
held Puritan Calvinist religious beliefs but, unlike other
Puritans, they maintained that their congregations needed to be
separated from the English state church. They were also concerned
that they might lose their English cultural identity if they
remained in the Netherlands, so they arranged with English
investors to establish a new colony in North America. The colony
was established in 1620 and became the second successful English
settlement in North America (after the founding of Jamestown,
Virginia in 1607). The Pilgrims' story became a central theme of
the history and culture of the United States. On Sale Until
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Today, September 6, 2026
September 6, 1628: The Colonial History
Of The United States: The British Colonization Of The Americas:
The Massachusetts Bay Colony (The Colony Of Massachusetts Bay): --
The Puritans settle Salem, which will later become part of
Massachusetts Bay Colony. Salem is a historic coastal city in
Essex County, Massachusetts located in the North Shore region.
Continuous settlement by Europeans began in 1626 and Salem would
become one of the most significant seaports in early American
history. Salem is located at the mouth of the Naumkeag River at
the former site of an Native American village and trading center.
Colonists settled the area in 1626 when a company of fishermen]
arrived from Cape Ann led by Roger Conant. Conant's leadership
provided the stability to survive the first two years, but John
Endecott replaced him by order of the Massachusetts Bay Company.
Conant graciously stepped aside and was granted 200 acres (0.81
km2) of land in compensation. These "New Planters" and
the "Old Planters" agreed to cooperate, in large part
due to the diplomacy of Conant and Endecott. In recognition of
this peaceful transition to the new government, the name of the
settlement was changed to Salem, a hellenized form of Shalom, the
Hebrew word for Peace. A year later, the Massachusetts Bay Charter
was issued creating the Massachusetts Bay Colony with Matthew
Craddock as its governor in London and Endecott as its governor in
the colony. John Winthrop was elected Governor in late 1629, and
arrived with the Winthrop Fleet in 1630, one of the many events
that began the Puritan Great Migration. In 1639, Endecott was one
of the signers on the building contract for enlarging the meeting
house in Town House Square for the first church in Salem. This
document remains part of the town records at City Hall. He was
active in the affairs of the town throughout his life. Samuel
Skelton was the first pastor of the First Church of Salem, which
is the original Puritan church in America. Endecott already had a
close relationship with Skelton, having been converted by him, and
Endecott considered him as his spiritual father. Salem is now a
residential and tourist area that is home to the House of Seven
Gables, Salem State University, Pioneer Village, the Salem
Maritime National Historic Site, Salem Willows Park, and the
Peabody Essex Museum. It features historic residential
neighborhoods in the Federal Street District and the Charter
Street Historic District. Much of the city's cultural identity
reflects its role as the location of the infamous Salem witch
trials of 1692, as featured in Arthur Miller's The Crucible.
Police cars are adorned with witch logos, a public elementary
school is known as Witchcraft Heights, and the Salem High School
athletic teams are named the Witches. Gallows Hill was originally
believed to be the site of numerous public hangings and is
currently a park used as a playing field for various sports. In
2012, the Retailers Association of Massachusetts chose Salem for
their inaugural "Best Shopping District" award. On
January 10, 2013, President Barack Obama signed executive order
HR1339, designating Salem as the birthplace of the National Guard.
The city's population was 41,340 at the 2010 census. On Sale Until
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EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
Hamlet (1990) Kevin Kline Diane Venora DVD, Download, USB Flash
Drive
Today, September 6, 2026
September 6, 1642: The European Wars Of
Religion: The Wars Of The Three Kingdoms (The British Civil Wars):
The English Civil War: The First English Civil War: The Long
Parliament: Aesthetics: Performing Arts: Theatre: Theatre In
England: The London Theatre Closure Of 1642: -- Just after the
First English Civil War had begun, under the force of the
Puritans, the Long Parliament issues an ordinance: the closure of
all London theatres and the suppression of all stage plays, a ban
which would last for some 18 years. The order cited the current
"times of humiliation" and their incompatibility with
"public stage-plays", representative of "lascivious
Mirth and Levity". The ban, which was not completely
effective, was reinforced by an Act of February 11, 1648, at the
beginning of the Second English Civil War. It provided for the
treatment of actors as rogues, the demolition of theatre seating,
and fines for spectators. On January 24, 1643, the actors pleaded
with parliament to reopen the theatres by writing "The Actors
remonstrance or complaint for the silencing of their profession,
and banishment from their severall play-houses", in which
they state, "wee have purged our stages of all obscene and
scurrilous jests." In this period, 'true religion' and 'good
government' were seen as one and the same. Although the vast
majority believed a 'well-ordered' monarchy was a divinely
mandated requirement, they disagreed on what 'well-ordered' meant,
and who held ultimate authority in clerical affairs. Royalists
generally supported a Church of England governed by bishops,
appointed by, and answerable to, the king; most Parliamentarians
were Puritans, who believed he was answerable to the leaders of
the church, appointed by their congregations. However, Puritan
meant anyone who wanted to reform, or 'purify', the Church of
England. The strict religious views of the Puritans spread to
encompass many social activities within England, including theatre
attendeance. The Puritans had been the source of many problems
within the early English theatre. The first Globe Theatre, built
in 1599 by Shakespeare's playing company, the Lord Chamberlain's
Men, was built due to the refusal of a puritan named Giles Allen
to renew the lease of the 'Theatre'. In 1644, the Globe Theatre
was demolished by the Puritans. On April 15, 1644 landowner Sir
Matthew Brend demolished the Globe Theatre and built tenement
houses on the site. In 1660, after the English Restoration, and
the demise in the power of the Puritans, brought King Charles II
to effective power in England, the theatrical ban was lifted.
Under a new licensing system, two London theatres with royal
patents were opened: the King's Company and the Duke's Company.
However, the Globe Theatre was not reconstructed until many
hundreds of years later, as Shakespeare's Globe, in 1997. On Sale
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EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
Satchmo In New Orleans Louis Armstrong + Bonus Title DVD MP4 USB
Drive
Today, September 6, 2026
September 6, 1877: #BOTD: #HBD! Buddy
Bolden, known as "King" Bolden African American cornet
player and bandleader, regarded by contemporaries as a key figure
in the development of a New Orleans style of ragtime music, or
"jass", which later came to be known as "jazz"
(d. November 4, 1930) is #born Charles Joseph Bolden in New
Orleans, Louisiana. His band was popular in New Orleans from
around 1900 to 1907. He was known for his loud sound and
improvisational skills, and his style had an impact on younger
musicians. Bolden's trombonist Willie Cornish (among others)
recalled making phonograph cylinder recordings with the Bolden
band, but there are no known surviving copies. Many early jazz
musicians credited Bolden and his bandmates with having originated
what came to be known as jazz, though the term was not in common
musical use until after the era of Bolden's prominence. At least
one writer has labeled Bolden the father of jazz. He is credited
with creating a looser, more improvised version of ragtime and
adding blues; Bolden's band was said to be the first to have brass
instruments play the blues. He was also said to have adapted ideas
from gospel music heard in uptown African American Baptist
churches. Instead of imitating other cornetists, Bolden played
music he heard "by ear" and adapted it to his horn. In
doing so, he created an exciting and novel fusion of ragtime,
black sacred music, marching-band music, and rural blues. He
rearranged the typical New Orleans dance band of the time to
better accommodate the blues: string instruments became the rhythm
section, and the front-line instruments were clarinets, trombones,
and Bolden's cornet. Bolden was known for his powerful, loud,
"wide open" playing style. Joe "King" Oliver,
Freddie Keppard, Bunk Johnson, and other early New Orleans jazz
musicians were directly inspired by his playing. No known
recordings of Bolden have survived. His trombonist Willy Cornish
asserted that Bolden's band had made at least one phonograph
cylinder in the late 1890s. Three other old-time New Orleans
musicians, George Baquet, Alphonse Picou and Bob Lyons also
remembered a recording session ("Turkey in the Straw",
according to Baquet) in the early 1900s. The researcher Tim Brooks
believes that these cylinders, if they existed, may have been
privately recorded for local music dealers and were never
commercially distributed. Some of the songs first associated with
his band, such as the traditional song "Careless Love"
and "My Bucket's Got a Hole in It", are still standards.
Bolden often closed his shows with the original number "Get
Out of Here and Go Home", although for more "polite"
gigs, the last number would be "Home! Sweet Home!". One
of the most famous Bolden numbers is "Funky Butt" (later
known as "Buddy Bolden's Blues"), which represents one
of the earliest references to the concept of funk in popular
music. Bolden's "Funky Butt" was, as Danny Barker once
put it, a reference to the olfactory effect of an auditorium
packed full of sweaty people "dancing close together and
belly rubbing." "Funky Butt" was one of many in the
Bolden repertory with rude or off-color lyrics popular in some of
the rougher places where he played; Bolden's trombonist Willy
Cornish claimed authorship. It became so well known as a rude song
that even whistling the melody on a public street was considered
offensive. The melody was incorporated into an early published
ragtime number, "St. Louis Tickle." Bolden is also
credited with the invention of the "Big Four", a key
rhythmic innovation on the marching band beat, which gave
embryonic jazz much more room for individual improvisation. As
Wynton Marsalis explains, the big four (below) was the first
syncopated bass drum pattern to deviate from the standard
on-the-beat march. The second half of the Big Four is the pattern
commonly known as the hambone rhythm developed from sub-Saharan
African music traditions. Bolden suffered an episode of acute
alcoholic psychosis in 1907 at age 30. With the full diagnosis of
dementia praecox (today called schizophrenia), he was admitted to
the Louisiana State Insane Asylum at Jackson, a mental
institution, where he spent the rest of his life. Buddy Bolden
died aged 54 in Jackson, Louisiana aged 54 of cerebral
arteriosclerosis (the thickening, hardening, and loss of
elasticity of the walls of arteries in the brain). He is buried in
Holt Cemetery in New Orleans, Louisiana. While there is
substantial first-hand oral history about Bolden, facts about his
life continue to be lost amidst colorful myth. Stories about his
being a barber by trade or that he published a scandal sheet
called The Cricket have been repeated in print despite being
debunked decades earlier. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
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Today, September 6, 2026
September 6, 1940: The European Civil
War: World War II: The Second European War (The European Theater
Of World War II): Aviation: Military Aviation: Air Warfare Of
World War II: The Battle Of Britain: Operation Eagle Attack
(German: Unternehmen Adlerangriff) (August 13 - September 6,
1940): -- Unternehmen Adlerangriff (German: "Operation Eagle
Attack"), the German plan to destroy the British Royal Air
Force (RAF) that had begun with Eagle Day (German: Adlertag) on
August 13, 1940, ends in fateful failure. Hitler had given the
German armed forces Directive No. 16 that ordered provisional
preparations for invasion of Britain, codenamed Operation Sea Lion
(German: Unternehmen Seelowe). In order for this could be carried
out, air superiority or air supremacy was required first, and so
the Luftwaffe was tasked to destroy the RAF to prevent it from
attacking the invasion fleet or providing protection for the Royal
Navy's Home Fleet which might attempt to prevent a German landing
by sea. On August 1, Hitler gave the Luftwaffe's
commander-in-chief, Reichsmarschall (Empire Marshal) Hermann
Goring and the Oberkommando der Luftwaffe (High Command of the Air
Force) a directive (Directive No. 17) to launch the air assault.
The German attacks that began on August 13 inflicted significant
damage and casualties on the ground, but, marred by poor
intelligence and communication, they did not make a significant
impression on Fighter Command's ability to defend British air
space. Goering had promised Hitler that Adlertag and Adlerangriff
would achieve the results required within days, or at worst weeks,
but these operations failed to destroy the RAF, or gain the
necessary local air superiority. As a result, Operation Sea Lion
was postponed indefinitely. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
Terror: The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict DVD MP4 Video Download
Today, September 6, 2026
September 6, 1972: The Olympic Games (The
Olympics): The 1972 Summer Olympics: (German: Olympische
Sommerspiele 1972)) (The Games Of The XX Olympiad (German: Spiele
Der XX. Olympiade), Munich 1972): The Arab-Israeli Conflict: The
Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Terrorist Attacks Attributed To
Palestinian Militant Groups: The Black September Organization
(BSO) (Arabic: Munazzamat Aylul Al-Aswad): The Munich Massacre: --
Nine Israeli athletes die (along with a German policeman) at the
hands of the Palestinian "Black September" terrorist
group after being taken hostage at the Munich Olympic Games. Two
other Israeli athletes were slain in the initial attack the
previous day. The list of fatalities are: 1) Shot during the
initial break-in: Moshe Weinberg, wrestling coach; Yossef Romano,
weightlifter; 2) Shot and killed by grenade in eastern-side
helicopter D-HAQO: According to the order in which they were
seated, from left to right: Ze'ev Friedman, Polish-Israeli
weightlifter (b. 1944); David Mark Berger, American-Israeli
weightlifter (survived grenade but died of smoke inhalation) (b.
1944); Yakov Springer (b. 1921), Polish-Israeli wrestler,
weightlifting coach and weightlifting judge; Eliezer Halfin,
Russian-Israeli wrestler (b. 1948); 3) Shot in western-side
helicopter D-HAQU: According to the order in which they were
seated, from left to right: Yossef Israeli Gutfreund, wrestling
referee (b. 1931); Kehat Shorr, Romanian shooting coach (b. 1919);
Mark Slavin, Israeli wrestler (b. 1954); Andre Spitzer,
Romanian-Israeli fencer and fencing coach (b. 1945); Amitzur
Shapira, Russian-Israeli runner and track coach (b. 1932); 4) Shot
in control tower during gunfight: Anton Fliegerbauer, West German
police officer; and 4) Palestinian terrorists shot dead by West
German police: Luttif Afif ("Issa") (b. 1945); Yusuf
Nazzal ("Tony"); Afif Ahmed Hamid ("Paolo");
Khalid Jawad ("Salah"); Ahmed Chic Thaa ("Abu
Halla"). On September 5, 1972, eight members of the
Palestinian terrorist group "Black September" attacks
and takes hostage 11 Israeli athletes at the Munich Olympic Games.
Two die in the attack and nine are murdered the following day
along with a West German police officer. Black September called
the operation "Iqrit and Biram", after two Palestinian
Christian villages whose inhabitants were expelled by the Israel
Defense Forces (IDF) during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. The Black
September commander was Luttif Afif, who was also the negotiator.
West German neo-Nazis gave the group logistical assistance.
Shortly after the hostages were taken, Afif demanded the release
of 234 Palestinian prisoners in Israel jails and the West
German-held founders of the Red Army Faction, Andreas Baader and
Ulrike Meinhof. Five of the eight Black September members were
killed during a failed attempt to rescue the hostages. The three
surviving perpetrators were Adnan Al-Gashey, Jamal Al-Gashey, and
Mohammed Safady, who were arrested. However, following the
hijacking eight weeks later by Black September sympathizers of
Lufthansa Flight 615 on October 29, an act of terrorism aimed at
the liberation of the three surviving perpetrators, the West
German government released them in a hostage exchange. The Israeli
government launched Operation Wrath of God, which authorized
Mossad to track down and kill those involved in the Munich
massacre. Two days prior to the start of the 2016 Summer Olympics,
in a ceremony led by Brazilian and Israeli officials, the
International Olympic Committee honored the eleven Israelis that
were killed at Munich. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
The Second Russian Revolution TV Series DVD, Video Download, USB
Drive
Today, September 6, 2026
September 6, 1991: The Day Of The
Defenders Of Freedom (Lithuanian: Laisves Gyneju Diena): -- The
Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: The Cold War (1985-1991)
(The End Of The Cold War): The Dissolution Of The Soviet Union:
The Revolutions Of 1989 (The Fall Of Nations, The Autumn Of
Nations, The Fall Of Communism): The Eastern Bloc (The Communist
Bloc, The Socialist Bloc, The Soviet Bloc): Baltic States Under
Soviet Rule: The Singing Revolution: The Parade Of Sovereignties:
-- Following the 1991 Soviet Coup D'Etat Attempt that occured
between August 19 and August 22, the Soviet Union recognizes the
independence of the Baltic states: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
The Singing Revolution is a commonly used name for events between
1987 and 1991 that led to the restoration of the independence of
Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The term was coined by an Estonian
activist and artist, Heinz Valk, in an article published a week
after the 10-11 June 1988, spontaneous mass night-singing
demonstrations at the Tallinn Song Festival Grounds. On Sale Until
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Today, September 6, 2026
September 6, 1939: The European Civil
War: World War II: The Second European War (The European Theater
Of World War II): The Invasion Of Poland (The September Campaign,
The Polish Campaign, The War Of Poland Of 1939, The Polish
Defensive War Of 1939): The Allies Of World War II: The South
African Declaration Of War On Germany (1939): -- Jan Smuts -- the
Afrikaner General who interrogated the young Winston Churchill
after his capture during The Boer War, and who in short order
formed a solid life-long friendship and alliance with him such
that he was the secret choice of King George to replace Churchill
as effective war leader in case of his incapacity or demise --
makes his first official act as the new Prime Minister Of South
Afrika the declaration that South Africa was officially at war
with Germany and the Axis. Immediately thereafter, Smuts set about
fortifying South Africa against any possible German sea invasion
because of South Africa's global strategic importance controlling
the long sea route around The Cape Of Good Hope. On the eve of
World War II, The Union Of South Africa found itself in a unique
political and military quandary. While it was closely allied with
the United Kingdom, being a co-equal Dominion under the 1931
Statute Of Westminster with its head of state being the British
king, the South African Prime Minister and head of government on
September 1, 1939 was J.B.M. Hertzog - the leader of the
pro-Afrikaner and anti-British National Party. The National Party
had joined in a unity government with the pro-British South
African Party of Jan Smuts in 1934 as The United Party. After
Adolf Hitler's forces attacked Poland on September 1, 1939,
Britain declared war on Germany two days later. A short but
furious debate unfolded in South Africa, especially in The
Parliament Of South Africa. It pitted those who sought to enter
the war on Britain's side, led by Smuts, against those who wanted
to keep South Africa neutral, led by Hertzog; prior to the war,
Afrikaner nationalist movements styled after German Nazism -- such
as the fascist South African Nazi movement The Grey Shirts, the
Afrikaner nationalist organization Ossewabrandwag, and the fascist
New Order organization founded by the far-right lawyer who
prosecuted Nelson Mandela at the 1956 Treason Trial, Oswald Pirow
-- had been popular in South Africa. The debate was resolved on
September 4, 1939, when The United Party caucus refused to accept
Hertzog's stance of neutrality in World War II, and deposed him in
favour of Smuts. During the war, many South Africans saw military
service. The Union Of South Africa participated with other British
Empire forces in battles in North Africa against Erwin Rommel and
his Afrika Korps, and many South African pilots joined the Royal
Air Force and fought against the Axis powers in the European
theatre. It was the reputation and stature of Smuts that was in
largest part responsible for South Africa's steadfast support of
the United Kingdom in all her undertakings during the war, and he
earned the highest levels of respect and trust thereby.Churchill's
personal physician, Charles Wilson, 1st Baron Moran, wrote in his
diary: "Smuts is the only man who has any influence with the
PM; indeed, he is the only ally I have in pressing counsels of
common sense on the PM. Smuts sees so clearly that Winston is
irreplaceable, that he may make an effort to persuade him to be
sensible." Churchill said of Smuts at this time "Smuts
and I are like two old love-birds moulting together on a perch,
but still able to peck." He brought great gravitas and
diplomatic acumen to his duties. When Secretary Of State For War
Anthony Eden said at the October 29, 1942 meeting of The Chiefs Of
Staff Committee (CSC, composed of the most senior military
personnel in the British Armed Forces who advise on operational
military matters and the preparation and conduct of military
operations), which was held after having some late night drinks
with Churchill the previous night, that Bernard Montgomery's
Second Battle Of El Alamein offensive was "petering out",
Field Marshal Alan Brooke told Churchill, who was always impatient
for his generals to attack at once, "fairly plainly"
just what he thought of Eden's ability to judge the tactical
situation from such a distance as from London to Egypt. In
response, Chiefs Of Staff Committee member Smuts endorsed Brooke
statements, of which Brooke said he was fortunate to be supported
by "a flow of words from the mouth of that wonderful
statesman. It was as if oil had been poured on the troubled
waters. The temperamental film-stars returned to their tasks -
peace reigned in the dove cot!" On Sale Until Midnight
Tonight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
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Today, September 6, 2026
September 6, 1888: #BOTD: Joseph P.
Kennedy Sr., American banker, investor, businessman,
philanthropist, gangster, bootlegger, film studio executive, film
producer and diplomat known for his high-profile positions in
United States politics, 44th United States Ambassador to the
United Kingdom (d. November 18, 1969) is #born Joseph Patrick
Kennedy at 151 Meridian Street in East Boston, Massachusetts.
Kennedy was married to Rose Kennedy, and three of their nine
children attained distinguished political positions: President
John F. Kennedy (1917-1963), Attorney General and Senator Robert
F. Kennedy (1925-1968), and longtime Senator Edward M. "Ted"
Kennedy (1932-2009). He was a leading member of the Democratic
Party and of the Irish Catholic community. He was appointed by
President Franklin D. Roosevelt to be the first chairman of the
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), and later directed
the Maritime Commission. Kennedy served as the United States
Ambassador to the United Kingdom from 1938 until late 1940, when
he annoyed Roosevelt by his pessimism about Britain's survival.
Employing tactics no longer legal on Wall Street, Kennedy profited
from the stock market crash of 1929, and thrived during the Great
Depression caused by the unscrupulous activities of "investors"
such as himself. Later, Kennedy rolled over the profits by
investing in real estate and a wide range of business industries
across the United States. During World War I, he was an assistant
general manager of a Boston area Bethlehem Steel shipyard, through
which he developed a friendship with Franklin D. Roosevelt, then
Assistant Secretary of the Navy. In the 1920s Kennedy made huge
profits from reorganizing and refinancing several Hollywood
studios, ultimately merging several acquisitions into
Radio-Keith-Orpheum (RKO) studios. During Prohibition, Kennedy
gained a reputation as an importer, with the assistance of
organized crime figures such as Meyer Lansky, of illegal liquor
from overseas. After Prohibition ended in 1933, Kennedy
consolidated an even larger fortune when he traveled to Scotland
with the President's son James Roosevelt to negotiate contracts
for distribution rights for Scotch whisky. His company, Somerset
Importers, became the exclusive American agent for Gordon's Gin
and Dewar's Scotch. In addition, Kennedy purchased
spirits-importation rights from Schenley Industries, a firm in
Canada. He owned the largest office building in the country,
Chicago's Merchandise Mart, giving his family an important base in
that city and an alliance with the Irish-American political
leadership there. His term as ambassador and political ambitions
ended abruptly during the Battle Of Britain in November 1940, with
the publishing of his controversial remarks suggesting that
"Democracy is finished in England. It may be here, [in the
US]." Kennedy resigned under pressure shortly afterwards. In
later years, Kennedy worked behind the scenes to continue building
the financial and political fortunes of the Kennedy family. After
a disabling stroke in 1961, Kennedy developed aphasia and lost all
power of speech, but remained mentally intact. He was confined to
a wheelchair until his death at his Hyannis Port, Massachusetts
home following a long series strokes and heart attacks, aged 81.
He had outlived four of his children. He is buried at Holyhood
Cemetery in Brookline, Massachusetts. Kennedy's widow Rose was
buried next to him following her death in 1995 at age 104, as was
their daughter Rosemary in 2005. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight
PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
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Today, September 6, 2026
September 6, 1941: The Interwar Period
(The Interbellum, Between The Wars): The Road To War: World War
II: The Pacific War (The Asia-Pacific War, The Asiatic-Pacific
Theater, The Pacific Theater Of World War II): The Asiatic-Pacific
Theater: The Attack On Pearl Harbor (The Battle Of Pearl Harbor,
The Hawaii Operation, Operation AI, Operation Z): -- Japanese
Emperor Hirohito takes his grandfather Emperor Meiji's Tanka
(Japanese: "Short Poem", "Short Song") -- a
genre of classical Japanese poetry and one of the major genres of
Japanese literature, itself a short form of the original Waka
("Japanese Poem", "Japanese Song") and
distinguished from the longer Choka ("Long Poem", "Long
Song") that was likewise derived from Waka -- and reads it
aloud at his conference with the two military chiefs of staff of
The Imperial General Headquarters: Chief Of The Army General Staff
Hajime Sugiyama (1940-1944) and Chief Of The Navy General Staff
Osami Nagano (1941-1944). The poem was one Emperor Meiji wrote at
the start of the Russo-Japanese War in order to express his
sincere desire to avoid war. One of the translations, by
JapanForward.com, is: ========= "The four seas are born from
a single womb, why then should wind and waves rise in discord?"
========= After Hirohito read it, he asked what Sugiyama and
Nagano thought of it. The general historical interpretation of
this bit of imperial theater is that Hirohito was exerting soft
pressure on his counselors to give diplomacy a chance to adjust
Japan's relationship with the US. Ryuzo Sejima, former chairman of
C. Itoh & Co. (now Itochu Corporation), was at that time
serving with the Army General Staff at Imperial Headquarters; he
later described how deeply moved he was when he heard about what
had happened from a superior. Despite the clear messaging that
Hirohito's reading of Meiji's poem was intended to communicate, it
did not prevent the inertial advance towards war by the Japanese
warlords. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today's
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Today, September 6, 2026
September 6, 1943: #BOTD: #HBD! Roger
Waters, English musician, singer, songwriter and composer,
co-founder of the progressive rock band Pink Floyd, is #born
George Roger Waters in Great Bookham, Surrey, South East England.
Waters initially served only as the bassist and back-up singer of
Pink Floyd, but following the departure of singer and songwriter
Syd Barrett in 1968, he also became their lyricist, co-lead
vocalist and conceptual leader until his departure in 1983. Pink
Floyd achieved international success with the concept albums The
Dark Side of the Moon (1973), Wish You Were Here (1975), Animals
(1977), The Wall (1979), and The Final Cut (1983). By the early
1980s, they had become one of the most critically acclaimed and
commercially successful groups in popular music. Amid creative
differences, Waters left in 1985 and began a legal dispute over
the use of the band's name and material. They settled out of court
in 1987. Waters's solo work includes the studio albums The Pros
and Cons of Hitch Hiking (1984), Radio K.A.O.S. (1987), Amused to
Death (1992), and Is This the Life We Really Want? (2017). In
2005, he released Ca Ira, an opera translated from Etienne and
Nadine Roda-Gils' libretto about the French Revolution. In 1990,
Waters staged one of the largest rock concerts in history, The
Wall - Live in Berlin, with an attendance of 450,000. As a member
of Pink Floyd, he was inducted into the US Rock and Roll Hall of
Fame in 1996 and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005. Later that
year, he reunited with Pink Floyd bandmates Nick Mason, Richard
Wright, and David Gilmour for the Live 8 global awareness event,
the group's only appearance with Waters since 1981. He has toured
extensively as a solo act since 1999; he performed The Dark Side
of the Moon in its entirety for his world tour of 2006-2008, and
the Wall Live tour of 2010-2013 was the highest-grossing tour by a
solo artist at the time. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
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Today, September 6, 2026
September 6, 1901: United States
Presidential Assassination Attempts And Plots: United States
Presidential Assassinations: The Assassination Of William
McKinley: -- Leon Czolgosz, an unemployed anarchist, shoots and
fatally wounds US President William McKinley in the Temple of
Music, a concert hall and auditorium built for the Pan-American
Exposition world's fair in Buffalo, New York; McKinley would die
eight days later, and would be succeeded as president by Theodore
Roosevelt. William McKinley (January 29, 1843 - September 14,
1901) was the 25th President of the United States, serving from
March 4, 1897 until his assassination, six months into his second
term. McKinley led the nation to victory in the Spanish-American
War, raised protective tariffs to promote American industry, and
maintained the nation on the gold standard in a rejection of free
silver (effectively, expansionary monetary policy). McKinley was
the last president to have served in the American Civil War, and
the only one to have started the war as an enlisted soldier,
beginning as a private in the Union Army and ending as a brevet
major. After the war, he settled in Canton, Ohio, where he
practiced law and married Ida Saxton. In 1876, he was elected to
Congress, where he became the Republican Party's expert on the
protective tariff, which he promised would bring prosperity. His
1890 McKinley Tariff was highly controversial; which together with
a Democratic redistricting aimed at gerrymandering him out of
office, led to his defeat in the Democratic landslide of 1890. He
was elected Governor of Ohio in 1891 and 1893, steering a moderate
course between capital and labor interests. With the aid of his
close adviser Mark Hanna, he secured the Republican nomination for
president in 1896, amid a deep economic depression. He defeated
his Democratic rival, William Jennings Bryan, after a front porch
campaign in which he advocated "sound money" (the gold
standard unless altered by international agreement) and promised
that high tariffs would restore prosperity. Rapid economic growth
marked McKinley's presidency. He promoted the 1897 Dingley Tariff
to protect manufacturers and factory workers from foreign
competition, and in 1900, he secured the passage of the Gold
Standard Act. McKinley hoped to persuade Spain to grant
independence to rebellious Cuba without conflict, but when
negotiation failed, he led the nation into the Spanish-American
War of 1898; the U.S. victory was quick and decisive. As part of
the peace settlement, Spain turned over to the United States its
main overseas colonies of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines;
Cuba was promised independence, but at that time remained under
the control of the U.S. Army. The United States annexed the
independent Republic of Hawaii in 1898 and it became a U.S.
territory. Historians regard McKinley's 1896 victory as a
realigning election, in which the political stalemate of the
post-Civil War era gave way to the Republican-dominated Fourth
Party System, which began with the Progressive Era. McKinley
defeated Bryan again in the 1900 presidential election, in a
campaign focused on imperialism, protectionism, and free silver.
His legacy was suddenly cut short when he was shot on September 6,
1901 by Leon Czolgosz, a second-generation Polish-American with
anarchist leanings; McKinley died eight days later, and was
succeeded by his Vice President Theodore Roosevelt. As an
innovator of American interventionism and pro-business sentiment,
McKinley's presidency is generally considered above average,
though his highly positive public perception was soon overshadowed
by Roosevelt. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
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Today, September 6, 2026
September 6, 1962: Civil Defense: Civil
Defense In The United States: Civil Defense In The Nuclear Age:
Civil Defense In The Nuclear Age In The United States: Emergency
Management: Nuclear Emergency Management: Emergency Management In
The United States: Nuclear Emergency Management In The United
States: Nuclear Warfare: Federal Emergency Plan D-Minus: Exercise
Spade Fork/High Heels II: -- The United States government begins
the Exercise Spade Fork nuclear readiness drill. Federal Emergency
Plan D-Minus was a plan developed by the United States in the
1950s to guide the federal government in the immediate aftermath
of a catastrophic nuclear attack. Plan D-Minus was part of the
National Plan for Emergency Preparedness, which also included
Mobilization Plan C (providing direction for federal planning in
the three weeks prior to a global nuclear war). Exercise Spade
Fork, a training exercise simulating D-Minus conditions, was run
from September 6, 1962 to September 27, 1962, concluding just
weeks before the Cuban Missile Crisis. In the Spade Fork scenario,
the first weapon to hit the United States was a decapitation
strike at the President Kennedy's Hammersmith Farm residence in
Newport, Rhode Island. The exercise was timed to coincide with the
command post exercise High Heels II, the military parallel to the
civilian Spade Fork. Though long-planned to test nuclear war
preparedness, the exercises were modified on September 17 by Gen.
Herbert B. Powell to provide cover for the mobilization of units
of the Fourth United States Army for deployment to Mississippi,
whose governor Ross Barnett was then resisting a court order to
desegregate the University of Mississippi, a stand-off that would
result in the school desegration crisis in conflict with the
Kennedy administration known as The Ole Miss Riot Of 1962. On Sale
Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today, September 6, 2026
September 6, 1960: The Olympic Games (The
Olympics): The 1960 Summer Olympics: (Italian: Giochi Olimpici
Estivi Del 1960) (The Games Of The XI Olympiad [Italian: Giochi
Della XVII Olimpiade], Rome 1960): Track And Field At The 1960
Summer Olympics: The Decathlon At The 1960 Summer Olympics: --
Rafer Johnson becomes the first African American to become an
Olympic Decathlon winner. The crown to his athletic career,
Johnson's most serious rival in this contest was Yang Chuan-Kwang
(C. K. Yang) of Taiwan. Yang also studied at UCLA; the two trained
together under UCLA track coach Elvin C. "Ducky" Drake
and had become friends. In the decathlon, the lead swung back and
forth between them. Finally, after nine events, Johnson led Yang
by a small margin, but Yang was known to be better in the final
event, the 1500 m. According to The Telegraph (UK), "legend
has it" that Drake gave coaching to both men, with him
advising Johnson to stay close to Yang and be ready for "a
hellish sprint" at the end, and advising Yang to put as much
distance between himself and Johnson before the final sprint as
possible. Johnson ran his personal best at 4:49.7 and finished
just 1.2 sec slower than Yang, winning the gold by 58 points with
an Olympic record total of 8,392 points. Both athletes were
exhausted and drained and came to a stop a few paces past the
finish line leaning against each other for support. With this
victory, Johnson ended his athletic career. On Sale Until Midnight
Tonight PT!
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Today, September 6, 2026
September 6, 1991: The Aftermath Of World
War II: The Cold War: The Cold War (1985-1991) (The End Of The
Cold War): St. Peterburg (Petrograd, Leningrad): The History Of
St. Petersburg: The 1991 Leningrad Municipal Election Name Change
Referendum: The Dissolution Of The Soviet Union: The Revolutions
Of 1989 (The Fall Of Nations, The Autumn Of Nations, The Fall Of
Communism): The Eastern Bloc (The Communist Bloc, The Socialist
Bloc, The Soviet Bloc): Russia: The History Of Russia: The 1991
Soviet Coup D'Etat Attempt (Russian: Popytka Sovetskogo
Gosudarstvennogo Perevorota 1991 Goda) (The 1991 Soviet Coup
[Russian: Sovetskiy Perevorot 1991 Goda], The August Coup
[Avgustovskiy Perevorot], The Kremlin Coup [Kremlevskiy
Perevorot]): The Aftermath Of The 1991 Soviet Coup D'Etat
Attempt:-- In accordance with 55% of voters during the non-binding
referendum of The 1991 Leningrad Municipal Election of June 12,
1991, and in the aftermatch of The 1991 Soviet Coup D'Etat Attempt
that occured between August 19 and August 22 and the resulting
collapse of the Soviet Union, Russian legislators vote that the
name of the Russian city of Leningrad should revert to that given
it by its founder, Tsar Peter The Great: Saint Petersburg. On
September 1, 1914, the name had been changed from Saint Petersburg
to Petrograd, and it was changed again on January 26, 1924 to
Leningrad, in honor of Vladimir Lenin, founder of the Soviet
Union. Saint Petersburg (Russian: Sankt-Peterburg) is Russia's
second-largest city after Moscow, with 5 million inhabitants in
2012, part of the Saint Petersburg agglomeration with a population
of 6.2 million (2015). An important Russian port, it is situated
on the Neva River, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the
Baltic Sea. Between 1713 and 1728 and in 1732-1918, Saint
Petersburg was the capital of Imperial Russia. In 1918, the
central government bodies moved to Moscow, which is about 625 km
(388 miles) to the south-east. Saint Petersburg is one of the most
modern cities of Russia, as well as its cultural capital. The
Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of
Monuments constitute a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Saint
Petersburg is home to the Hermitage, one of the largest art
museums in the world. Many foreign consulates, international
corporations, banks and businesses have offices in Saint
Petersburg. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today, September 6, 2026
September 6, 1757: #BOTD #HBD!
Marie-Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de
Lafayette, in the United States often known simply as Lafayette.
who for his accomplishments in the service of both France and the
United States is known as "The Hero Of The Two Worlds",
French aristocrat and military officer who fought in the American
Revolutionary War (d. May 20, 1834) is #born in Chavaniac, France.
A close friend of George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, and
Thomas Jefferson, Lafayette was a key figure in the French
Revolution of 1789 and the July Revolution of 1830. Born in
Chavaniac, in the province of Auvergne in south central France,
Lafayette came from a wealthy landowning family. He followed its
martial tradition, and was commissioned an officer at age 13. He
became convinced that the American cause in its revolutionary war
was noble, and traveled to the New World seeking glory in it.
There, he was made a major general; however, the 19-year-old was
initially not given troops to command. Wounded during the Battle
of Brandywine, he still managed to organize an orderly retreat. He
served with distinction in the Battle of Rhode Island. In the
middle of the war, he returned home to lobby for an increase in
French support. He again sailed to America in 1780, and was given
senior positions in the Continental Army. In 1781, troops in
Virginia under his command blocked forces led by Cornwallis until
other American and French forces could position themselves for the
decisive Siege Of Yorktown. Lafayette returned to France, and in
1787 was appointed to the Assembly of Notables, which was convened
in response to the fiscal crisis. He was elected a member of the
Estates-General of 1789, where representatives met from the three
traditional orders of French society - the clergy, the nobility,
and the commoners. After the forming of the National Constituent
Assembly, he helped write the Declaration of the Rights of Man and
of the Citizen, with Thomas Jefferson's assistance; inspired by
the United States Declaration Of Independence, this document
invoked natural law to establish basic principles of the
democratic nation-state. In keeping with the philosophy of natural
liberty, Lafayette also advocated for the end of slavery. After
the storming of the Bastille, Lafayette was appointed
Commander-In-Chief of the National Guard and tried to steer a
middle course through the French Revolution. In August 1792, the
radical factions ordered his arrest. Fleeing through the Austrian
Netherlands, he was captured by Austrian troops and spent more
than five years in prison. Lafayette returned to France after
Napoleon Bonaparte secured his release in 1797, though he refused
to participate in Napoleon's government. After the Bourbon
Restoration of 1814, he became a liberal member of the Chamber of
Deputies, a position he held for most of the remainder of his
life. In 1824, President James Monroe invited Lafayette to the
United States as the nation's guest; during the trip, he visited
all twenty-four states in the union at the time, meeting a
rapturous reception. During France's July Revolution of 1830,
Lafayette declined an offer to become the French dictator.
Instead, he supported Louis-Philippe as king, but turned against
him when the monarch became autocratic. Lafayette died aged 76 at
6 rue d'Anjou-Saint-Honore in Paris (now 8 rue d'Anjou in the 8th
arrondissement of Paris); in February he had collapsed at a
funeral from pneumonia, then recovered, but the following May was
wet, and he became bedridden after being caught in a thunderstorm.
He was buried next to his wife at the Picpus Cemetery under soil
from Bunker Hill, which his son Georges Washington sprinkled upon
him. King Louis-Philippe ordered a military funeral in order to
keep the public from attending, and crowds formed to protest their
exclusion. In the United States, President Jackson ordered that
Lafayette receive the same memorial honors that had been bestowed
on Washington at his death in December 1799. Both Houses of
Congress were draped in black bunting for 30 days, and members
wore mourning badges. Congress urged Americans to follow similar
mourning practices. Later that year, former president John Quincy
Adams gave a eulogy of Lafayette that lasted three hours, calling
him "high on the list of the pure and disinterested
benefactors of mankind". On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today, September 6, 2026
September 6-7, 1863: The American Civil
War (The Civil War, The War Between The States): The Western
Theater Of The American Civil War: The Battles Of The Lower
Seaboard Theater And Gulf Approach Of The American Civil War:
Operations Against The Defenses Of Charleston During The American
Civil War: The Battles Of Fort Wagner (The Battles Of Battery
Wagner): The Second Battle Of Fort Wagner (The Second Assault Of
Battery Wagner, The Second Assault On Morris Island; The Battle Of
Fort Wagner, The Battle Of Battery Wagner, The Battle Of Morris
Island): The Evacuation Of Fort Wagner (The Evacuation Of Battery
Wagner): -- After enduring almost 60 days of heavy U.S. shelling
in the aftermath of both The First And Second Battles Of Fort
Wagner, Confederate forces conduct an overnight evacuation of Fort
Wagner and Morris Island in South Carolina, withdrawing all
operable cannons and the garrison with them. Fort Wagner or
Battery Wagner was a beachhead fortification on Morris Island,
South Carolina, that covered the southern approach to Charleston
Harbor. It was the site of two American Civil War battles in the
campaign known as Operations Against the Defenses of Charleston in
1863, and it is considered one of the toughest beachhead defenses
constructed by the Confederate Army. The main reason the fort was
abandoned was a concern about the loss of the garrison due to
artillery fire and the threat of imminent assault. On September 6,
the garrison commander, Colonel Keitt, wrote to his superiors,
"The garrison must be taken away immediately after dark, or
it will be destroyed or captured. It is idle to deny that the
heavy Parrott shells have breached the walls and are knocking away
the bomb-proofs. Pray have boats immediately after dark at
Cummings Point to take away the men. I say deliberately that this
must be done or the garrison will be sacrificed. I am sending the
wounded and sick now to Cummings Point, and will continue to do
so, if possible, until all are gone. I have a number of them now
there. I have not in the garrison 400 effective men, including
artillery. The engineers agree in opinion with me, or, rather,
shape my opinion. I shall say no more." A council of war in
Charleston on the 4th had already reached the same conclusion, and
the evacuation was carried out as planned. After the war a "Lost
Cause" revisionist story arose claiming it was the lack of
access to fresh water the caused the Confederates to evacuate.
This claim stated that bodies of the Union troops (54th
Massachusetts and many white troops) were buried close to the fort
and the decomposition of the bodies poisoned the fresh water well
within the fort. Continuing bombardment and interception of
food/water supplies by boat from Charleston made holding the fort
difficult. This version of the story is directly contradicted by
official Confederate correspondence at the time of the evacuation.
Named for deceased Lt. Col. Thomas M. Wagner, who was killed when
a cannon exploded during an inspection at Fort Moultrieat the
entrance to Charleston Harbor, Fort Wagner measured 250 by 100
yards (91 m), and spanned an area between the Atlantic on the east
and an impassable swamp on the west. Its walls, composed of sand
and earth, rose 30 feet (9.1 m) above the level beach and were
supported by palmetto logs and sandbags. The fort's arsenal
included fourteen cannons, the largest a 10-inch (250 mm)
Columbiad that fired a 128-pound shell. It was a large structure
capable of sheltering nearly 1,000 of the fort's 1,700-man
garrison and provided substantial protection against naval
shelling. The fort's land face was protected by a water-filled
trench, 10 feet (3.0 m) wide and 5 feet (1.5 m) deep, surrounded
by buried land mines and sharpened palmetto stakes. The fort
itself was supported by defenses throughout Morris Island. The
First Battle Of Fort Wagner, occurred on July 11, 1863. Only 12
Confederate soldiers were killed, as opposed to 339 losses for the
U.S. side. The Second Battle Of Fort Wagner, a week later, was the
famous Union attack on July 18, 1863, led by the 54th
Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, one of the first major American
military units made up of black soldiers. Colonel Robert Gould
Shaw led the 54th Massachusetts on foot while they charged, and
was killed in the assault. Although a tactical defeat, the
publicity of the Battle Of Fort Wagner led to further action for
black U.S. troops in the Civil War, and it spurred additional
recruitment that gave the Union Army a further numerical advantage
in troops over the South. Union forces besieged the fort after the
unsuccessful assault. By August 25, Union entrenchments were close
enough to attempt an assault on the Advanced Rifle Pits, 240 yards
in front of the Battery, but the attempt was defeated. A second
attempt, by the 24th Massachusetts Infantry, on August 26 was
successful. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
The Last Cause Spanish Civil War TV Series + Bonus MP4 Download
DVD
Today, September 6, 2026
September 6, 1937: The Interwar Period
(The Interbellum, Between The Wars): The Spanish Civil War: 1937
In The Spanish Civil War: The Asturias Offensive: The Battle Of El
Mazucu: -- Nationalist forces begin their sixteen-day assault the
Republican defence of El Mazucu and the surrounding mountains.
which had halted their advance into eastern Asturias, despite
their forces being outnumbered sevenfold. The Battle Of El Mazucu,
almost certainly the first battle to use carpet bombing against a
military target, was fought from September 6-22, 1937 following
the September 5, fall of the municipality of Llanes to the
Nationalists following a one-day siege. Despite this victory, the
Nationalists' advance into eastern Asturias could only proceed
from Llances along routes commanded by limestone mountain
positions held by stalrward Republican forces. The Nationalists
had to clear the defenders from these mountains in order to
advance, and to do that they planned a pincer movement moving
southwest from Llanes and west, along Cares river, from Panes
towards Cabrales. On both fronts, the rugged terrain and stiff
Republican resistance halted the advance, making it clear that the
mountains of the Sierra de Cuera were vital to the defence of
Asturias, and that the key to the Sierra de Cuera was the pass of
El Mazucu, precipitating The Battle Of El Mazucu. After weeks of
intense fighting over extreme terrain the defenders were
eventually overwhelmed, and the Nationalists were then able to
link up with their forces advancing from Leon, leading to the fall
of Gijon and the abandonment of Asturias, the last Republican
province in North-West Spain. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
After The War: The Marshall Plan + Bonus DVD MP4 Download USB
Drive
Today, September 6, 2026
September 6, 1946: The Aftermath Of World
War II: The Cold War: The Cold War (1947-1953): The Restatement Of
Policy On Germany Speech (The Speech Of Hope): -- United States
Secretary Of State James F. Byrnes announces in his "Restatement
Of Policy On Germany" speech that the U.S. will follow a
policy of economic reconstruction in postwar Germany. It set the
tone of future US policy as it repudiated the Morgenthau Plan (an
economic program that would permanently deindustrialize Germany)
and with its message of a change to a policy of economic
reconstruction gave the Germans hope for the future. Nevertheless,
it was controversial at home and abroad, and it took Secretary Of
State George Marshall's June 5, 1947 speech at Harvard University
calling for economic aid to war-torn Europe as well as Germany
that utlimately won over domestic and world opinion, a plan
officially known as the European Recovery Program (ERP) and
popularly as The Marshall Plan. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
https://store.earthstation1.com/after-the-war-the-marshall-plan-dvd.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
War Jets: The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25 Foxbat MP4 Video Download
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Today, September 6, 2026
September 6, 1976: Aviation: The History
Of Aviation: The History Of Military Aviation: The Aftermath Of
World War II: The Cold War: Soviet Defections To The United
States: Soviet Aviation Defections To The United States: Viktor
Belenko's MiG-25 Foxbat Defection: -- Soviet Air Defence Forces
pilot Viktor Belenko lands a Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25 (NATO
reporting name: "Foxbat") jet fighter at Hakodate, Japan
and requests political asylum in the United States; his request is
granted. George H. W. Bush, the Director of Central Intelligence
at the time, called the opportunity to examine the plane up close
an "intelligence bonanza" for the West. This was the
first time that Western military intelligence were able to get a
close look at the aircraft and its specifications, and many
secrets and surprises were revealed. His defection caused
significant damage to the Soviet Air Force. Belenko was granted
asylum by U.S. President Gerald Ford, and a trust fund was set up
for him, which granted him a very comfortable living in later
years. The US government debriefed him for five months after his
defection and employed him as a consultant for several years
thereafter. Belenko had brought with him the pilot's manual for
the MiG-25 since he expected to assist US pilots in evaluating and
testing the aircraft. The Japanese government had originally
allowed the United States to examine the plane and to conduct
ground tests of the radar and engines only, however it
subsequently allowed the US to dismantle the plane to examine it
extensively. The plane was moved by a US Air Force C-5 Galaxy
cargo aircraft from Hakodate to Hyakuri Air Base on September 25,
and by then, experts had determined that the plane was an
interceptor, not a fighter-bomber, which was a welcome reassurance
for Japanese defense planners. On October 2, 1976, the Japanese
Government announced that it would ship the aircraft back to the
Soviet Union in crates from the port of Hitachi, and billed the
Soviets 40K USD for crating services and airfield damage at
Hakodate. The Soviets responded with a request to return the plane
via their own Antonov An-22 aircraft after a rigorous inspection
of the crates, the Japanese government refused and the Soviets
finally submitted to the Japanese terms on October 22, 1976. The
aircraft was moved from Hyakuri to the port of Hitachi on November
11, 1976 on a convoy of trailers. It left in 30 crates aboard the
Soviet cargo ship Taigonos on November 15, 1976 and arrived about
three days later in Vladivostok. A team of Soviet technicians had
been allowed to view subassemblies at Hitachi, and upon finding 20
missing parts, one being film of the flight to Hakodate, the
Soviets attempted to charge Japan 10M USD. Neither the Japanese
nor the Soviet bill is known to have been paid. A senior diplomat
described the Soviet position as "sulky about the whole
affair." The CIA concluded at the time that "both
countries seem anxious to put the problem behind them" and
speculated that the Soviets were reluctant to cancel a series of
upcoming diplomatic visits because "some useful business is
likely to be transacted, and because the USSR, with its political
standing in Tokyo so low, can ill afford setbacks in
Soviet-Japanese economic cooperation." Viktor Ivanovich
Belenko (b. February 15, 1947) was born in Nalchik, Russian SFSR,
in a Russian family (his passport states his ethnicity as
Russian). Lieutenant Belenko was a pilot with the 513th Fighter
Regiment, 11th Air Army, Soviet Air Defence Forces based in
Chuguyevka, Primorsky Krai. In 1980, the US Congress enacted S.
2961, authorizing citizenship for Belenko. It was signed into law
by President Jimmy Carter on October 14, 1980, as Private Law
96-62. After his defection, Belenko co-wrote a 1980 autobiography,
MiG Pilot: The Final Escape of Lieutenant Belenko with Reader's
Digest writer John Barron. Belenko started a new life in the
United States and married a music teacher from North Dakota,
Coral. He had two children from his second wife named Tom and
Paul. The marriage ended in a divorce later on. Belenko also had a
son from his first marriage and is known to have never divorced
his first wife, providing no child support to her after his
defection. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, he visited
Moscow in 1995 on a business trip. Belenko almost never appeared
in interviews during his life in the United States. However, in a
brief and informal bar interview in 2000, he said that he was
happy in the United States. Belenko remarked in the interview that
"[Americans] have tolerance regarding other people's opinion.
In certain cultures, if you do not accept the mainstream, you
would be booted out or might disappear. Here we have people - you
know, who hug trees, and people who want to cut them down - and
they live side by side!" The Soviet Union repeatedly spread
false stories about Belenko being killed in a car accident,
returning to Russia, being arrested and executed, or otherwise
brought to justice. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
Tailspin: Behind The Korean Airliner Tragedy KAL007 DVD MP4 USB
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Today, September 6, 2026
September 6, 1983: The Aftermath Of World
War II: The Cold War: The Cold War (1962-1979): The Cold War Era
Of Stagnation (1964-1982): The Cold War In Asia: Aviation: The
History Of Aviation: The History Of Civil Aviation: Aviation
Incidents And Accidents: Korean Air Lines Flight 007
(KE007/KAL007): -- The Soviet Union admits to shooting down Korean
Air Lines Flight 007, stating its operatives did not know it was a
civilian aircraft when it reportedly violated Soviet airspace. On
September 1, 1983, KAL007 was shot down by a Russian fighter jet
while on route from New York to Seoul, killing all 269 persons on
board, including U.S. Congressman Lawrence McDonald of Georgia.
The Boeing 747 reportedly strayed 100 miles off course over secret
Soviet Russian military installations on the Kamchatka Peninsula
and Sakhalin Island. It crashed in the Sea of Japan. Korean Air
Lines Flight 007 (also known as KAL007 and KE007) was a scheduled
Korean Air Lines flight from New York City to Seoul via Anchorage,
Alaska. On 1 September 1983, the South Korean airliner serving the
flight was shot down by a Soviet Su-15 interceptor. The Boeing 747
airliner was en route from Anchorage to Seoul, but deviated from
its original planned route and flew through Soviet prohibited
airspace about the time of a U.S. aerial reconnaissance mission.
The Soviet Air Forces treated the unidentified aircraft as an
intruding U.S. spy plane, and proceeded to destroy it with
air-to-air missiles, after firing warning shots which were likely
not seen by the KAL pilots. The Korean airliner eventually crashed
in the sea near Moneron Island west of Sakhalin in the Sea of
Japan. All 269 passengers and crew aboard were killed, including
Lawrence Patton McDonald, cousin of General George S. Patton, a
Representative from Georgia in the United States House Of
Representatives, and the second president of the John Birch
Society, a self-described conservative advocacy group supporting
anti-communism and limited government that has been described as a
radical right and far-right organization. McDonald's radical right
anti-communist credentials gave rise to a number of conspiracy
theories regarding the airliner shoot-down; the subject of Korean
Air Lines Flight 007 Alternative Theories concerns the various and
ongoing controversy and theories put forward regarding the
shooting down of plane. Many of these are based on the suppression
of evidence such as the flight data recorders, unexplained details
such as the role of a USAF RC-135 surveillance aircraft nearby the
shoot-down, or merely Cold War disinformation and propaganda. The
Soviets found the wreckage under the sea on September 15, and
found the flight recorders in October, but this information was
kept secret until 1993. The Soviet Union initially denied
knowledge of the incident, but later admitted shooting down the
aircraft, claiming that it was on a MASINT spy mission. The
Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union said it was a
deliberate provocation by the United States to probe the Soviet
Union's military preparedness, or even to provoke a war. The White
House accused the Soviet Union of obstructing search and rescue
operations. The Soviet Armed Forces suppressed evidence sought by
the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
investigation, such as the flight recorders, which were released
eight years later, after the Dissolution Of The Soviet Union. The
incident was one of the most tense moments of the Cold War and
resulted in an escalation of anti-Soviet sentiment, particularly
in the United States. As a result of the incident, the United
States altered tracking procedures for aircraft departing from
Alaska. The interface of the autopilot used on airliners was
redesigned to make it more ergonomic. In addition, the incident
was one of the most important events that prompted the Reagan
administration to allow worldwide access to the United States
Global Positioning System (GPS). On Sale Until Midnight Tonight
PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
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Drive
Today, September 6, 2026
September 6, 1944: The European Civil
War: World War II: The Second European War (The European Theater
Of World War II): The Western Front Of World War II: Science And
Technology During World War II: Science And Technology In Nazi
Germany: Research And Development In Nazi Germany (R & D In
Nazi Germany): Wunderwaffen (German: "Wonder Weapons",
"Miracle Weapons"); V-Weapons (German:
Vergeltungswaffen, "Vengeance Weapons", "Retaliatory
Weapons", "Reprisal Weapons"): The V-2 (The V-2
Rocket, German: Vergeltungswaffe 2, "Vengeance Weapon 2";
Aggregat 4, German: "Aggregate 4", A-4): -- V-2 rocket
launching sites are set up by the Germans around The Hague in the
Netherlands. The first was launched from here against London on
September 8, 1944 and took an estimated 5 minutes to fly the 200
miles (320 km) from the Hague to London, where it struck at 6:43pm
on Chiswick, causing 13 casualties. As the V-2 explosions came
without warning, the government initially attempted to conceal
their cause by blaming them on defective gas mains. However, the
public was not fooled and soon began sardonically referring to the
V-2s as "Flying gas pipes". Intercepting the supersonic
V-2 missiles in flight proved virtually impossible, and other
countermeasures, such as bombing the launch sites, were fairly
ineffectual. Sustained bombardment continued until March 1945. The
final missiles arrived on March 27, 1945, with one of them killing
134 people and injuring 49 when it hit a block of flats in
Stepney. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
https://store.earthstation1.com/vweapons-v1-v2-german-wwii-weapons-2-dual-layer-d122.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
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Today, September 6, 2026
September 6, 1893: #BOTD: #HBD! Claire
Chennault, American general and pilot, military aviator best known
for his leadership of the "Flying Tigers" and the
Republic Of China Air Force in World War II (d. July 27, 1958) is
#born Claire Lee Chennault, generally said to have been in
Commerce, Texas, although there is no documentary proof of his
birthdate or place of birth. For most of his life, he gave 1890 as
his birth year, but his widow corrected that to 1893 after his
death. His parents were John Stonewall Jackson Chennault and
Jessie (nee Lee) Chennaurlt. His surname is of French origin; the
French pronunciation is "Shen-oh", but his family
pronounced it "Shen-awlt". Claire Chennault was a fierce
advocate of "pursuit" or fighter-interceptor aircraft
during the 1930s when the United States Army Air Corps was focused
primarily on high-altitude bombardment. Chennault retired from the
United States Army in 1937, and went to work as an aviation
adviser and trainer in China. Starting in early 1941, Chennault
commanded the 1st American Volunteer Group (nicknamed Flying
Tigers). One mission which never came to fruition was the bombing
of Japanese cities; the bombers did not arrive before Pearl
Harbor. (B-29's started bombing from China in 1944, but they were
not under Chennault's command.) He headed both the volunteer group
and the uniformed U.S. Army Air Forces units that replaced it in
1942. General Chennault opened up a brothel in Guilin, Guangxi,
North East China for the use of his pilots, and he recruited
English-speaking prostitutes from Hong Kong who fled to the inland
of China to escape the Japanese. He argued that his men needed sex
and it was better to have his "boys" visit a brothel
that was regularly inspected to reduce venereal diseases.
Chennault felt his men were going to visit brothels, regardless of
what the rules said, and that was better to have them visit a
brothel whose women were inspected for venereal diseases than one
that was not since a man in the hospital for a venereal disease
was one less man who could participate in the war. Chennault
feuded constantly with General Joseph Stilwell, the U.S. Army
commander in China, and helped China's leader Chiang Kai-shek to
convince President Roosevelt to remove Stilwell in 1944. The
China-Burma-India theater was strategically essential in order to
fix many vital elements of the Imperial Japanese Army on the
Chinese mainland to limit their use against Allied forces
advancing towards Japan in the two Pacific campaigns. General
Stilwell was enraged when he heard about Chennault's brothel and
promptly had it shut down by saying it was disgraceful that an
officer of the US Army Air Force would open such an establishment.
Operating this establishment was one of the likely reasons that
General Chennault was unceremoniously replaced as commander of the
U.S. 14th Air Force by Lt. Gen. George E. Stratemeyer in June
1945, mere weeks before final victory against Japan, and
disallowed from attending the Japanese surrender ceremonies aboard
the USS Missouri, a victory for which he did so much and was in
the vanguard of bringing about. Following the surrender of Japan
in August 1945, Chennault retired from the Army Air Forces on
October 31, 1945. British Field Marshal Alan Brooke, who met both
Stillwell and Chennault in late 1943, wrote that Stillwell was a
"hopeless crank with no vision" and Chennault was "a
very gallant airman with a limited brain." Claire Chennault
died at the Ochsner Foundation Hospital in New Orleans of
carcinoma (cancer) in his left lung, aged 67. He and his wife Anna
Chan Chennault are interred at Arlington National Cemetery.
Chennault's surname is of French origin (The family name is
French). Claire Lee Chennault was a French-American by ancestry.
Chennault is often pronounced as "Shen-O"; however, his
American family pronounced the surname as "Shen-Awlt".
On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
Perspectives On 20th Century Architecture Japan MP4 Video Download
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Today, September 6, 2026
September 6, 1928: #BOTD: #HBD! Fumihiko
Maki, Japanese architect whose work often explores pioneering uses
of new materials and fuses the cultures of east and west,
recipient in 1993 annual Pritzker Architecture Prize presented
annually "to honor a living architect or architects whose
built work demonstrates a combination of those qualities of
talent, vision and commitment which has produced consistent and
significant contributions to humanity and the built environment
through the art of architecture" (d. June 6, 2024) is #born
Maki Fumihiko in Tokyo. After studying at the University of Tokyo
and graduating with a Bachelor of Architecture degree in 1952, he
moved to the Cranbrook Academy of Art in Bloomfield Hills,
Michigan, graduating with a master's degree in 1953. He then
studied at Harvard Graduate School of Design, graduating with a
Master of Architecture degree in 1954. In 1956, he took a post as
assistant professor of architecture at Washington University in
St. Louis, where he also was awarded his first commission: the
design of Steinberg Hall (an art center) on the university's
Danforth Campus. This building remained his only completed work in
the United States until 1993, when he completed the Yerba Buena
Center for the Arts building in San Francisco. In 2006, he
returned to Washington University in St. Louis to design the new
home for the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum and Walker Hall. In
1960 he returned to Japan to help establish the Metabolism Group.
He worked for Skidmore, Owings and Merrill in New York City and
for Sert Jackson and Associates in Cambridge, Massachusetts and
founded Maki and Associates in 1965. In 2006, he was invited to
join the judging panel for an international design competition for
the new Gardens by the Bay in Singapore. Maki designed an
extension building for the MIT Media Lab in Cambridge,
Massachusetts, which was completed in 2009. After completing a
330M USD expansion of the headquarters of the United Nations in
Manhattan, Maki designed Tower 4 at the former World Trade Center
site which opened in 2013. While it has criticized his 51 Astor
Place project as "out of place," New York magazine
called Tower 4 "pretty exquisite." Maki recently
designed the London campus of the Aga Khan University along with a
cultural centre as part of the King's Cross development project.
These were Maki's first European projects and represented the
third and fourth Aga Khan projects for Maki, who also designed the
Delegation of the Ismaili Imamat in Ottawa and Aga Khan Museum in
Toronto. He was also assigned by the Sonja amp; Reinhard Ernst
Stiftung to design the Museum Reinhard Ernst in Wiesbaden,
Germany, to display the foundations' collection of abstract art.
Spiral Building in Tokyo, 1985 Maki is known for fusing modernism
with Japanese architectural traditions. For instance, he
introduced the concept of oku, which is a spatial layout unique to
Japan in which spaces wind around a structure. This is
demonstrated in the use of walls and landscape in the Shimane
Museum of Ancient Izumo. Fumihiko Maki died on a Thursday of
natural causes at his home in Tokyo, Japan, aged 95. His burial
details are not publicly disclosed. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight
PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
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Today, September 6, 2026
September 6, 1937: #BOTD: #HBD! Jo Anne
Worley, American actress, comedian, and singer is #born in Lowell,
Indiana, the third of five children. Her work covers television,
films, theater, game shows, talk shows, commercials, and cartoons,
but she is known for her work on the comedy-variety show Rowan And
Martin's Laugh-In. Always known for her loud voice, Worley once
said that when she attended church as a little girl, she never
sang the hymns but would only lip-synch them for fear that she
would drown out everyone else. Before graduating from high school,
she was named school comedienne. After graduating from high school
in 1955, Worley moved to Blauvelt, New York, where she began her
professional career as a member of the Pickwick Players. This led
to a drama scholarship to Midwestern State University in Wichita
Falls, Texas. After studying at Midwestern for two years, Worley
moved to Los Angeles to study at Los Angeles City College and the
Pasadena Playhouse. In 1961, Worley received her first major break
when she appeared in the musical revue Billy Barnes People in Los
Angeles; this production moved to Broadway, where it ran for only
six performances. However, the New York Times reviewer wrote: "Jo
Anne Worley has an earthy style that suggests she could be a rowdy
comedienne." In 1964, she was selected to appear as a
stand-in on the original Broadway production of Hello, Dolly! One
year later, Worley created her own nightclub act in Greenwich
Village, where she was discovered by Merv Griffin in 1966.
Impressed by Worley's talents, Griffin engaged her to be one of
his primary guest stars on his show, where she made approximately
40 appearances on The Merv Griffin Show. In 1966, she appeared
Off-Broadway in The Mad Show, a musical revue based on Mad
Magazine. In 1967, Worley's stint on Griffin's show led to her
discovery by George Schlatter, who soon cast her in Rowan And
Martin's Laugh-In. In 1970, Worley left Laugh-In to pursue other
projects and has made guest appearances on several television
series, including Love, American Style, The Tonight Show Starring
Johnny Carson, The Andy Williams Show, Adam-12, Emergency!,
Murder, She Wrote, The Middle, and different game shows such as
Super Password, Hollywood Squares, and the many versions of
Pyramid. She continued working in various movies, television
series, and theatrical performances (original productions and
revivals alike) over the years. Worley also became known for her
work as a voice provider for several cartoons, animated movies,
and video games. Her voice work includes Nutcracker Fantasy
(1979), the Disney movies Beauty and the Beast (1991), A Goofy
Movie (1995), Beauty and the Beast: Belle's Magical World (1998),
and the voice of the Wardrobe in the video game Kingdom Hearts II
(2005). She remains involved with Disney, making cameos in several
Disney Channel sitcoms such as Kim Possible playing the role of
Bonnie Rockwaller's mother, Wizards of Waverly Place, and Jessie.
Worley performed in regional theater as well. She continues to
perform today in New York City and Los Angeles, and she has also
given lectures. She is currently president of Actors and Others
for Animals, and serves on its board of directors. On Sale Until
Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today's
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Today, September 6, 2026
September 6, 1997: The History Of The
United Kingdom: Governments Of The United Kingdom: The Monarchy Of
The United Kingdom (The British Monarchy): Royal Funerals: The
Ceremonial Funeral Of Diana, Princess of Wales: -- The Funeral of
Diana, Princess of Wales takes place in London. Well over a
million people lined the streets and 2.5 billion watched around
the world on television. In the early hours of August 31, 1997,
Diana, Princess of Wales died in hospital after being injured in a
motor vehicle accident in a road tunnel in Paris. Her partner,
Dodi Fayed, and the driver of the Mercedes-Benz W140, Henri Paul,
were pronounced dead at the scene. Their bodyguard, Trevor
Rees-Jones, survived with serious injuries. Some media claimed the
erratic behaviour of paparazzi following the car, as reported by
the BBC, had contributed to the crash. In 1999, a French
investigation found that Paul, who lost control of the vehicle at
high speed while intoxicated and under the effects of prescription
drugs, was solely responsible for the crash. He was the deputy
head of security at the Hotel Ritz and had earlier goaded
paparazzi waiting for Diana and Fayed outside the hotel.
Anti-depressants and traces of an anti-psychotic in his blood may
have worsened Paul's inebriation. No evidence was found that
paparazzi were near the car when it crashed. In 2008, the jury at
a British inquest returned a verdict of unlawful killing through
grossly negligent driving by Paul and following vehicles. It was
also found that none of the occupants of the car were wearing a
seat belt. Diana was 36 years old when she died. Her death caused
an unprecedented outpouring of public grief in the United Kingdom
and worldwide, and her funeral was watched by an estimated 2.5
billion people. The Royal Family were criticised in the press for
their reaction to Diana's death. Public interest in Diana has
remained high and she has retained regular press coverage in the
years after her death. Diana, Princess of Wales (d. 1997) was born
Diana Frances Spencer. A member of the British royal family, she
was the first wife of Charles, Prince Of Wales, the heir apparent
to the British throne, and the mother of Prince William and Prince
Harry. Diana's activism and glamour made her an international icon
and earned her an enduring popularity as well as an unprecedented
public scrutiny, exacerbated by her tumultuous private life. Diana
was born into the British nobility and grew up close to the royal
family on their Sandringham estate. The youngest daughter of John
Spencer, 8th Earl Spencer, and Frances Shand Kydd, she was
strongly affected by their divorce in 1967. She did not
distinguish herself academically, but was talented in music,
dance, and sports. In 1978, she moved to London, where she lived
with flatmates and took on various low-paying jobs. Diana came to
prominence in 1981 upon her engagement to Prince Charles, the
eldest son of Queen Elizabeth II, after a brief courtship. Their
wedding took place at St Paul's Cathedral in 1981 and made her
Princess of Wales, a role in which she was enthusiastically
received by the public. The couple had two sons, the princes
William and Harry, who were then second and third in the line of
succession to the British throne. Diana's marriage to Charles,
however, suffered due to their incompatibility and extramarital
affairs. The couple separated in 1992, soon after the breakdown of
their relationship became public knowledge. The details of their
marital difficulties became increasingly publicised, and the
marriage ended in divorce in 1996. As Princess of Wales, Diana
undertook royal duties on behalf of the Queen and represented her
at functions across the Commonwealth realms. She was celebrated in
the media for her unconventional approach to charity work. Her
patronages initially centered on children and youth but she later
became known for her involvement with AIDS patients and campaign
for the removal of landmines. She also raised awareness and
advocated ways to help people affected with cancer and mental
illness. As princess, Diana was initially noted for her shyness,
but her charisma and friendliness endeared her to the public and
helped her reputation survive the acrimonious collapse of her
marriage. Considered to be very photogenic, she was a leader of
fashion in the 1980s and 1990s. Media attention and public
mourning were extensive after her death in a car crash in a Paris
tunnel in 1997 and subsequent televised funeral. Her legacy has
had a deep impact on the royal family and British society. Emad
El-Din Mohamed Abdel Mena'em Fayed (April 15, 1955 - August 31,
1997), better known as Dodi Fayed, was an Egyptian film producer
and the son of billionaire Mohamed El Fayed. He was the romantic
partner of Diana, Princess of Wales, when they both died in a car
crash in Paris in 1997. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
https://store.earthstation1.com/the-monarchy-3-part-british-royal-family-tv-series-dvd-mp4-u34.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Old
Time Kids Films Youth Social Guidance Films Set DVD, MP4, USB
Today, September 6, 2026
September 6: National Coffee Ice Cream
Day: -- Caffeine and ice cream lovers unite for National Coffee
Ice Cream Day this September 6! Celebrating a combination that has
swept the world by storm since at least 1919, this day recognizes
a particular flavor that often goes unnoticed. Not anymore! Coffee
ice cream lovers, today is your day in the sun, and those who have
yet to expand their frozen dessert palette, get ready to taste
decadence! Ice cream is the ultimate comfort food. It's a perfect
conclusion to a great meal - and so is coffee. So why not combine
the two and make something incredible? It takes time! While gelato
and sorbet can be traced as far back as 3000 B.C. and people have
been drinking coffee since at least the 15th century, it took
quite some time for coffee-flavored ice cream to come about.
Coffee may have been discovered in the Middle East in the 9th
century, however, it wasn't considered a household beverage until
after the 17th century - that's when the drink started gaining
traction in Britain. The French's relationship with the Ottomans
paved the way for high society to bring coffee to the world.
Venetians eventually figured out how to make coffee sweeter and,
voila, the drink skyrocketed to fame. The first flavored ice cream
was invented at the request of Roman emperor Nero. His servants
went to the mountains and collected snow to make a frozen dessert
flavored with honey, nuts, and fruit toppings. The invention of
gelato is mostly credited to Bernardo Buontalenti, a 16th century
Florence native who served it to the court of Catherine de'
Medici. By 1770, Giovanni Basiolo made his success in New York
selling semi-frozen coffee and milk products popular in Genoa.
Finally, in 1869, coffee ice cream was first used in a parfait and
then appeared again in a cookbook in 1919. Today, it's become a
staple in most ice cream shops' flavor lists and is a perfect
pick-me-up with a side of sweet, creamy goodness.
https://store.earthstation1.com/old-time-kids-films-youth-social-guidance-films-dual-layer-dvd.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: King Of
Jazz 1930 Paul Whiteman John Boles Laura La Plante DVD MP4 USB
Today, September 6, 2026September 6: National Color Blind
Awareness Day: -- National Color Blind Awareness Day is here to
bring attention to this special vision trait and help the world to
understand just a bit more about it! Embracing a unique
perspective, this condition enriches the world with diverse
viewpoints, highlighting the beauty of human individuality and
resilience. While the name might seem to imply that a person who
is color blind sees only in black and white, this is not
completely accurate. While this can happen, it is extremely rare.
More common are the people who are affected by color blindness
typically see color with less of a range. It affects all kinds of
people from all walks of life. Among the great and good, color
blind people include Bill Clinton, Bing Crosby, Tom Hanks,
Christopher Nolan, Howie Mandel, Keanu Reeves, Mark Zuckerberg,
even Prince William Windsor, Prince of Wales! National Color Blind
Awareness Day takes place on the anniversary of the birth of
scientist John Dalton in 1766. Dalton was the first person to
discover that the human eye can see colors in different ways. In
fact, the motivation behind it was the fact that Dalton and his
brother both saw colors differently than most other people.
Dalton's reasoning was incorrect, since he thought it was because
of a kind of blue liquid in their eyes. And his name for this was
"Daltonism". In a magnanimous effort to clear up the
question, Dalton even left his eyes to science after he died. What
he didn't realize is that the condition must be hereditary as it
affected both him and his brother, which would only be confirmed
more than 150 years later when DNA proved that color blindness was
a genetically inherited trait. The first National Color Blind
Awareness Day was celebrated in 2015 and founded by Colour Blind
Awareness, which is a non-profit interest group that was started
in 2010. The group is dedicated to raising awareness about the
needs of color blind people in communities. Since its founding,
National Color Blind Awareness Day has continued to grow each
year, with millions of people all over the world engaging on
social media and in other ways.
https://store.earthstation1.com/king-of-jazz-1930-paul-whiteman-john-boles-laura-la-plante-dvd-mp19304.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Hands Of Time... A Story On American Clocks DVD, MP4, USB Drive
Today, September 6, 2026September 6: Fight Procrastination Day:
-- An annual opportunity for you to face your procrastination
issues head-on. We have all been victims of that powerful urge to
push an important task to a further date. Sometimes,
procrastination could be a result of the daunting nature of the
task or simply because you're not feeling up to it. No matter the
reason, procrastination can be a major spanner in the works;
straining mental and physical health. This observance aims at
promoting efforts geared towards combating procrastination in all
its forms. Hesiod, a Greek poet, was among the first to speak
against procrastination. In the poem titled "Works and Days,"
Hesiod speaks to his brother, who has mismanaged his inheritance,
asking him not to abandon his duties. Although the origins of the
holiday are unknown, the message is similar to Hesiod's. We need
to take a definitive step to address the issue of postponing
tasks. While there are hundreds of ways to fight procrastination,
it is a resilient adversary and never knows when it's beaten. It
can come disguised in different forms, but the result is always
the same: delay. Through the ages, people have tried creative
approaches to fight procrastination to varying degrees of success.
The winning formula seems to vary from person to person; you need
to figure out what works for you. Take famous artist, Victor Hugo,
who resorted to working naked in his room to focus on his work.
Hugo decided that the best way to cut out outside distraction was
to have no choice but to remain indoors. With his clothes held by
an assistant and only returned at a later time, he had little
choice but to work. James Riley is another who resorted to such
extreme measures to address procrastination issues. In modern
times, we have programs and applications that can help plan your
schedule effectively. Several applications can even work as a
filter according to prearranged settings to help control
distractions. Fight Procrastination Day reminds us that we're not
in this fight alone; millions are struggling with the same issues.
It is, however, up to you to put in the required effort to shake
this habit.
https://store.earthstation1.com/the-hands-of-time-a-story-on-american-clocks-dvd.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Clive
James' Fame In The 20th Century TV Series DVD Set MP4 USB Drive
Today, September 6, 2026September 6, 2007: #DOTD: #RIP: Luciano
Pavarotti, Italian operatic tenor who during the late part of his
career crossed over into popular music, eventually becoming one of
the most acclaimed and loved tenors of all times (b. October 12,
1935) #dies at his home in Modena, Italy of pancreatic cancer,
aged 71. After his death, his manager, Terri Robson, noted in a
statement, "The Maestro fought a long, tough battle against
the pancreatic cancer which eventually took his life. In fitting
with the approach that characterised his life and work, he
remained positive until finally succumbing to the last stages of
his illness". Pavarotti's funeral was held at Modena
Cathedral, attended by then Prime Minister Romano Prodi and Kofi
Annan. The Frecce Tricolori, the aerobatic demonstration team of
the Italian Air Force, flew overhead, leaving green-white-red
smoke trails. After a funeral procession through the centre of
Modena, Pavarotti's coffin was taken the final ten kilometres (6
miles) to Montale Rangone, a village part of Castelnuovo Rangone,
and was interred in the Pavarotti family crypt. The funeral, in
its entirety, was also telecast live on CNN. The Vienna State
Opera and the Salzburg Festival Hall flew black flags in mourning.
Tributes were published by many opera houses, such as London's
Royal Opera House. Luciano Pavarotti, Cavaliere di Gran Croce
(Knight Of The Grand Cross) OMRI (Order Of Merit Of The Italian
Republic), was born on the outskirts of Modena. He made numerous
recordings of complete operas and individual arias, gaining
worldwide fame for the quality of his tone, and eventually
established himself as one of the finest tenors of the 20th
century, achieving the honorific title "King of the High Cs".
As one of the Three Tenors operatic singing group of Placido
Domingo, Jose Carreras and Luciano Pavarotti, who performed their
first concert during the 1990 FIFA World Cup before a global
audience, Pavarotti became well known for his televised concerts
and media appearances. From the beginning of his professional
career as a tenor in 1961 in Italy to his final performance of
"Nessun dorma" at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin,
Pavarotti was at his best in bel canto operas, pre-Aida Verdi
roles, and Puccini works such as La boheme, Tosca, Turandot and
Madama Butterfly. He sold over 100 million records, and the first
Three Tenors recording became the best-selling classical album of
all time. Pavarotti was also noted for his charity work on behalf
of refugees and the Red Cross, amongst others. He died from
pancreatic cancer on 6 September 2007.
https://store.earthstation1.com/clive-james39-fame-in-the-20th-century-tv-series-dvd-set-mp4-usb-39204.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: 25x5:
The Continuing Adventures Of The Rolling Stones DVD, MP4, USB
Today, September 6, 2026September 6, 1994: #DOTD: #RIP: Nicky
Hopkins, English pianist and organist, widely considered to be one
of the greatest studio pianists in the history of popular rock
music, who recorded and performed on many notable British and
American pop and rock music releases from the 1960s through the
1990s (b. February 24, 1944) #dies at the age of 50, in Nashville,
Tennessee, from complications resulting from intestinal surgery
related to his lifelong battle with Crohn's disease. He was
cremated, and his ashes were scattered over Radnor Lake in
Nashville, Tennessee. At the time of his death, he was working on
his autobiography with Ray Coleman. Nicky Hopkins was born
Nicholas Christian Hopkins in Perivale, Middlesex, England.
Hopkins performed on some of the most popular rock music
recordings from the 1960s to the 1990s, most notably on songs
recorded by the Rolling Stones, the Kinks, the Who, the Beatles,
the Steve Miller Band, Jefferson Airplane, Rod Stewart, George
Harrison, John Lennon, Paul McCartney, Ringo Starr, The Hollies,
Donovan, Screaming Lord Sutch, Carly Simon, Harry Nilsson, Joe
Walsh, Peter Frampton, Jerry Garcia, Jeff Beck, Joe Cocker, Art
Garfunkel, Badfinger, Graham Parker, Gary Moore and Cat Stevens.
https://store.earthstation1.com/25x5-the-continuing-adventures-of-the-rolling-stones-dvd-mp42554.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Akira
Kurosawa (1979) Film Director Documentary DVD, Download, USB
Today, September 6, 2026September 6, 1998: #DOTD: #RIP: Akira
Kurosawa, Japanese film director, producer, and screenwriter,
regarded as one of the most important and influential filmmakers
in the history of cinema (b. March 23, 1910) #dies of a stroke in
Setagaya, Tokyo, at the age of 88. He is buried at Anyo-In Temple
Cemetery in Kamakura, Kamakura-shi, Japan. Akira Kurosawa was born
Kurosawa Akira in Oimachi in the Omori district of Tokyo, Japan.
Akira Kurosawa directed 30 films in a career spanning 57 years.
Following a brief stint as a painter, a talent which helped him
throughout his film career, he spent years of working on numerous
films as an assistant director and scriptwriter. He made his debut
as a director during World War II with the popular action film
Sanshiro Sugata (a.k.a. Judo Saga). After the war, the critically
acclaimed Drunken Angel (1948), in which Kurosawa cast
then-unknown actor Toshiro Mifune in a starring role, cemented the
director's reputation as one of the most important young
filmmakers in Japan. The two men would go on to collaborate on
another 15 films. Rashomon, which premiered in Tokyo, became the
surprise winner of the Golden Lion at the 1952 Venice Film
Festival. The commercial and critical success of that film opened
up Western film markets for the first time to the products of the
Japanese film industry, which in turn led to international
recognition for other Japanese filmmakers. Throughout the 1950s
and early 1960s, Kurosawa directed approximately a film a year,
including a number of highly regarded (and often adapted) films,
such as Ikiru (1952), Seven Samurai (1954) and Yojimbo (1961).
After the 1960s, he became much less prolific, though his later
work: including his final two epics, Kagemusha (1980) and Ran
(1985): continued to win awards though more often abroad than in
Japan. In 1990, he accepted the Academy Award for Lifetime
Achievement.
https://store.earthstation1.com/akira-kurosawa-film-director-dvd.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Eyes On
The Prize II: America At The Racial Crossroads DVD MP4 USB
Today, September 6, 2026September 6, 1966: Civil Rights
Movements: The American Civil Rights Movement (1954-1968): The
Ghetto Riots (The Ghetto Rebellions, The Race Riots, The Negro
Riots) (1964-1969): The Summerhill Riot (The Summerhill Uprising,
The Atlanta Rebellion): -- A group of Summerhill residents, which
grew to over a thousand people, gather together in the majority
black neighborhood of Summerhill in response to the police
shooting of an unarmed black man, Harold Prather, and to protest
longterm local problems related to ongoing inequities, including
discriminatory policing, poor housing, inadequate public services,
the urban renewal policies that had afffected the neighborhood,
and the recent construction of the Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium
on the edge of Summerhill. The Student Nonviolent Coordinating
Committee (SNCC), which had been active in Atlanta since its
founding in 1960, became involved when members of the organization
joined the protests. A heavy police presence was met with
resistance by protestors, which resulted in the image of the
events being depicted as a "riot" rather than a protest.
As the sitatuion escalated, Mayor Allen visited the neighborhood
of Summerhill to address protestors directly, and series of
memorable photographs were taken of Mayor Allen at the "riot".
Allen placed blame for the events directly on SNCC, and members of
SNCC, including Carmichael, would be arrested soon after. The
Summerhill Uprising was reported in the national media in this
negative light, and accordingly, Mayor Allen received widespread
praise for his response. A chapter in Allen's memoir, "Mayor:
Notes On The Sixties", entitled "Riot", provides
his view of the events in Summerhill. The Ghetto Riots were as
series of outbreaks of violent summer social unrest by African
American groups across the United States in the mid-to-late 1960s.
The six days of unrest throughout New York City during The Harlem
Riot Of 1964 is viewed as the first of clusters of riots,
uncoordinated with each other, evidently unplanned, most often in
cities during the summer months. The pattern caused 159 separate
incidents of violence and unrest over the long, hot summer of 1967
(the most destructive riots taking place in Detroit and Newark),
came to a climax during the national wave of King assassination
riots in over 100 American cities in 1968, and subsided in 1969.
https://store.earthstation1.com/eyes-on-the-prize-ii-dvd-set-4-discs-complete-2nd-seri42.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Shlemiel, The Shlemazl & The Doppess: Yiddish DVD, MP4, USB
Drive
Today, September 6, 2026September 6, 2007: Religion: The History
Of Religion: Abrahamic Religions: Judaism: The History Of Judaism:
Jewish Languages: Yiddish ("Jewish") (Yidish-Taytsh
["Judeo-German"]): -- Yiddish language internet domain
names first become available when Sweden permits such domains to
use their country's national country code top-level domain (ccTLD)
suffix .se for their registration. Yiddish is a West Germanic
language that originated in 9th century among Ashkenazi Jews, a
Jewish diaspora population that emerged in the Central Europe
domains of The Holy Roman Empire, providing the nascent Ashkenazi
community with a vernacular based on High German fused with many
elements taken from Hebrew (notably Mishnaic) and to some extent
Aramaic. Most varieties of Yiddish include elements of Slavic
languages and the vocabulary contains traces of Romance languages.
Yiddish has traditionally been written using the Hebrew alphabet;
however, there are variations, including the standardized YIVO
orthography that employs the Latin alphabet. Prior to World War
II, there were 11-13 million speakers. Eighty-five percent of the
approximately six million Jews who were murdered in the Holocaust
were Yiddish speakers, leading to a massive decline in the use of
the language. Assimilation following World War II and aliyah
(immigration to Israel) further decreased the use of Yiddish among
survivors after adapting to Hebrew in Israel. However, the number
of Yiddish-speakers is increasing in Hasidic communities. In 2014,
YIVO stated that "most people who speak Yiddish in their
daily lives are Hasidim and other Haredim", whose population
was estimated at the time to be between 500,000 and 1 million. A
2021 estimate from Rutgers University was that there were 250,000
American speakers, 250,000 Israeli speakers, and 100,000 in the
rest of the world (for a total of 600,000). The earliest surviving
references date from the 12th century and call the language
"Ashknaz" ("The Language Of Ashkenaz") or
"Taytsh", a variant of tiutsch, the contemporary name
for Middle High German. Colloquially, the language is sometimes
called "Mame-Loshn" ("The Mother Tongue"),
distinguishing it from "Loshn Koydesh" ("Holy
Tongue"), meaning Hebrew and Aramaic. The term "Yiddish",
short for "Yidish Taitsh" ("Jewish German"),
did not become the most frequently used designation in the
literature until the 18th century. In the late 19th and into the
20th century, the language was more commonly called "Jewish",
especially in non-Jewish contexts, but "Yiddish" is
again the most common designation today. Modern Yiddish has two
major forms: Eastern and Western. Eastern Yiddish is far more
common today. It includes Southeastern (Ukrainian-Romanian),
Mideastern (Polish-Galician-Eastern Hungarian) and Northeastern
(Lithuanian-Belarusian) dialects. Eastern Yiddish differs from
Western both by its far greater size and by the extensive
inclusion of words of Slavic origin. Western Yiddish is divided
into Southwestern (Swiss-Alsatian-Southern German), Midwestern
(Central German), and Northwestern (Netherlandic-Northern German)
dialects. Yiddish is used in a number of Haredi Jewish communities
worldwide; it is the first language of the home, school, and in
many social settings among many Haredi Jews, and is used in most
Hasidic yeshivas. The term "Yiddish" is also used in the
adjectival sense, synonymously with "Ashkenazi Jewish",
to designate attributes of Yiddishkeit ("Ashkenazi Culture";
for example, "Yiddish Cooking" and "Yiddish Music"
(Yiddish: "Klezmer").
https://store.earthstation1.com/the-shlemiel-the-shlemazl-amp-the-doppess-yiddish-dvd-mp4-usbht4.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Unknown War: The Great Patriotic War Series WWII USSR DVD MP4 USB
Today, September 6, 2026September 6, 1944: The European Civil
War: World War II: The Second European War (The European Theater
Of World War II): The Eastern Front Of World War II: The Great
Patriotic War (The German-Soviet War): World War II In Estonia:
The Tartu Offensive Operation (Russian: Tartuskaya Nastupatel'naya
Operatsiya) (The Battle Of Tartu [Estonian: Tartu Lahing], The
Battle Of Emajogi [Estonian: Emajoe Lahingud, German: Schlacht Am
Embach]): -- Forces of the Soviet 3rd Baltic Front capture the
city of Tartu, the intellectual centre of Estonia and the second
largest city of Estonia (after Estonia's political and financial
capital Tallinn), from elements of the German Army Group North.
The Tartu Offensive Operation, also known as The Battle Of Tartu
and The Battle Of Emajogi, was a campaign fought over southeastern
Estonia in 1944. The Soviet tactical aim of the offensive was to
defeat the German 18th Army, and to capture the city of Tartu. The
strategic goal was a quick occupation of Estonia for the purposes
of annexation. The Soviet command planned to reach the coast of
the Gulf of Riga and trap the German Army Detachment "Narwa".
The German side involved Estonian conscripts, which fought to
defend their country against the looming Soviet annexation. The
3rd Baltic Front captured Tartu. The conquest caused the
destruction of the Estonian National Museum and 40 million rubles
worth of damage to the University of Tartu, the nation's oldest
and most renowned university. The German Wehrmacht's Kampfgruppe
"Wagner" stabilised the front at the Emajogi River. The
German XXVIII Army Corps supported by the Estonian Omakaitse
("Mome Guard") militia stalled the front at the Vaike
Emajogi and Gauja Rivers, preventing the 3rd Baltic Front from
cutting off the "Narwa".
https://store.earthstation1.com/the-unknown-war-complete-tv-series-soviet-union-wwii-10-dvd-s10.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Yellowstone Fires Of 1988 Documentary DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, September 6, 2026September 5-7, 1988: Natural Disasters:
Natural Disasters In The United States: Fires: Conflagrations:
Conflagrations In The United States: Wildfires (Forest Fires,
Bushfires, Brushfires, Wildland Fires, Rural Fires): The
Yellowstone Fires Of 1988: The North Fork Fire: -- Between
September 5 and 7, a dry front pushed flames along the southern
section of The North Fork Fire, the largest fire in Yellowstone
National Park, towards the large Old Faithful visitor complex
adjacent to the Upper Geyser Basin. All non-emergency personnel
were ordered to be evacuated; however, political issues influenced
National Park Service management directives and the complex was
not completely closed to incoming tourists, with some visitors
still arriving at Old Faithful not long before the intense fire
hit by mid afternoon. An all out aerial bombardment with air
tankers dropping fire retardant failed. Firefighters concentrated
on structure protection, especially those of historical
significance such as the Old Faithful Inn, using fire engines and
portable water pumping systems to keep the roofs and other
surfaces of the structures wet. 1,200 firefighters including 120
military personnel dug fire lines and cleared away brush near
structures. Winds crested up to 80 miles per hour (130 km/h) as
the fire approached from the west. The fires spread to forested
sections near to, but generally away from, major structures, but
19 small structures were destroyed and there was also extensive
damage to an old dormitory. The fire was so intense that vehicles
left near the fire had their wheels melted, windshields shattered
and paint scorched. Though most of the Old Faithful complex had
been spared, the park service decided that for the first time, the
entire park would be closed to non-emergency personnel on
September 8. The Yellowstone Fires Of 1988 collectively formed the
largest wildfire in the recorded history of Yellowstone National
Park in the United States. Starting as many smaller individual
fires, the flames quickly spread out of control due to drought
conditions and increasing winds, combining into one large
conflagration which burned for several months. The fires almost
destroyed two major visitor destinations and, on September 8,
1988, the entire park closed to all non-emergency personnel for
the first time in its history. Only the arrival of cool and moist
weather in the late autumn brought the fires to an end. A total of
793,880 acres (3,213 km2), or 36 percent of the park, was affected
by the wildfires. Thousands of firefighters fought the fires,
assisted by dozens of helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft which
were used for water and fire retardant drops. At the peak of the
effort, more than 9,000 firefighters were assigned to the park.
With fires raging throughout the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem and
other areas in the western United States, the staffing levels of
the National Park Service and other land management agencies were
inadequate for the situation; more than 4,000 U.S. military
personnel were soon brought in to assist in wildfire suppression
efforts. The firefighting effort cost 120M USD (260M USD in 2020).
Losses to structures were minimized by concentrating firefighting
efforts near major visitor areas, keeping property damage down to
3M USD (6M USD as of 2020). No firefighters died while fighting
the Yellowstone fires, though there were two fire-related deaths
outside the park. Before the late 1960s, fires were generally
believed to be detrimental for parks and forests, and management
policies were aimed at suppressing fires as quickly as possible.
However, as the beneficial ecological role of fire became better
understood in the decades before 1988, a policy was adopted of
allowing natural fires to burn under controlled conditions, which
proved highly successful in reducing the area lost annually to
wildfires. In contrast, in 1988, Yellowstone was overdue for a
large fire, and, in the exceptionally dry summer, many smaller
"controlled" fires combined. The fires burned
discontinuously, leaping from one patch to another, leaving
intervening areas untouched. Intense fires swept through some
regions, burning everything in their paths. Tens of millions of
trees and countless plants were killed by the wildfires, and some
regions were left looking blackened and dead. However, more than
half of the affected areas were burned by ground fires, which did
less damage to hardier tree species. Not long after the fires
ended, plant and tree species quickly reestablished themselves,
and native plant regeneration has been highly successful. The
Yellowstone Fires Of 1988 were unprecedented in the history of the
National Park Service, and led to many questions about existing
fire management policies. Media accounts of mismanagement were
often sensational and inaccurate, sometimes wrongly reporting or
implying that most of the park was being destroyed. While there
were temporary declines in air quality during the fires, no
adverse long-term health effects have been recorded in the
ecosystem and, contrary to initial reports, few large mammals were
killed by the fires, though there was a subsequent reduction in
the number of moose which has yet to rebound.
https://store.earthstation1.com/the-yellowstone-fires-of-1988-documentary1988.html